Martial, Spectacular Sights 8

Marcus Valerius Martialis
1st-2nd c. AD (over 1,900 years ago)
Trans. RMBullard
Latin (Silver Age)

 VIII

Daedale, Lucano cum sic lacereris ab urso,
[Daedalus, since thusly were you torn to pieces by a Lucanian bear]

     quam cuperes pinnas nunc habuisse tuas!
[how greatly you should now have desired to have access to those wings of yours!]

Martial, Spectacular Sights 7

Marcus Valerius Martialis
1st-2nd c. AD (over 1,900 years ago)
Trans. RMBullard
Latin (Silver Age)

 VII

Qualiter in Scythica religatus rupe Prometheus
     adsiduam nimio pectore pauit auem,
[In like manner, Prometheus, tied down upon a cliff in Scythia, grew fearful of his eternal lifespan, his heart exceeding its limit,]

nuda Caledonia sic uiscera praebuit urso
     non falsa pendens in cruce Laureolus.
[and thusly Laureolus, not hanging upon any fictional cross, provided his naked innards to a bear from Caledonia.]

Viuebant laceri membris stillantibus artus               5
[His body parts clung to life, even as they are torn from their bleeding limbs,]

     inque omni nusquam corpore corpus erat.
[and in the entirety of his body, there never was a body.]

Denique supplicium dignum tulit:
[At last he endured a worthy punishment:]

 ille parentis
     uel domini iugulum foderat ense nocens,
[or rather, a dangerous man would had slit his master's throat with a sword,]


templa uel arcano demens spoliauerat auro,
[or a psycho would have robbed our temples of their sacred gold,]

     subdiderat saeuas uel tibi, Roma, faces.               10
[or someone would have turned their savage torches upon you, Rome.]

Vicerat antiquae sceleratus crimina famae,
[An evildoer had once managed to commit crimes of the old type,]

     in quo, quae fuerat fabula, poena fuit.
[at which point in time, there was once a punishment, that it had become the subject of fables.]

Martial, Epigram 1.5

Marcus Valerius Martialis
1st-2nd c. AD (over 1,900 years ago)
Trans. RMBullard
Latin (Silver Age)

 5

Do tibi naumachiam,
[I'll give you a sea-battle]

tu das epigrammata nobis:
[you'll give me an epigram:]

     uis, puto, cum libro, Marce, natare tuo.
[I think, Marcus, you can manage to float around with that book you've written.]

Martial, Epigram 1.4

Marcus Valerius Martialis
1st-2nd c. AD (over 1,900 years ago)
Trans. RMBullard
Latin (Silver Age)



Contigeris nostros, Caesar, si forte libellos,
[Caesar, should you by chance happen upon my little books,]

     terrarum dominum pone supercilium.
[calm your brow, the master of the universe.]

Consueuere iocos uestri quoque ferre triumphi,
[You've learned how to endure jokes, even at your own own triumphal procession,]

     materiam dictis nec pudet esse ducem.
[nor is it appropriate for a general to become a subject-matter in spoken matters.]

Qua Thymelen spectas derisoremque Latinum,              5
[Like in the manner you watch Thymeles, and that mocker, Latinus,]

     illa fronte precor carmina nostra legas.
[I pray that you read my poems like that, despite that well-known brow.]

Innocuos censura potest permittere lusus:
[The censors can even allow pranks that are harmless:]

     lasciua est nobis pagina, uita proba.
[My page is risque, but my life, upstanding.]

Suetonius, Life of Titus

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus [Suetonius]
69-130 AD
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Imperial Era)

 SVETONI TRANQVILII VITA DIVI TITI


I. Titus cognomine paterno, amor ac deliciae generis humani,
[Titus was named for his father, and he was the love and delight of the entire human race,]

 (tantum illi ad promerendam omnium voluntatem vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,
[so much of either his talent, or skill, or good fortune, prevailed for the purpose of gaining the respect of every person]

 et, quod difficillimum est, in imperio:
[and in such a commanding position of power, something which is extremely difficult to attain.]

 quando privatus atque etiam sub patre principe ne odio quidem,
 nedum vituperatione publica caruit),
[When he was a private citizen, and under his father, who was emperor, he never incurred anyone's hatred, so long as he avoided the criticism of the public eye,]

 natus est III. Kal. Ian. insigni anno Gaiana nece,
prope Septizonium, sordidis aedibus, cubiculo vero perparvo et obscuro
[He was born on the 3rd Kalends of January in the famous year when Gaius <Caligula> was assassinated, near Septizonium, in a rather filthy house, in fact, in an extremely small and dark room,]

 (nam manet adhuc et ostenditur);
[you see, it still stands and is shown off to the public;]

II. educatus in aula cum Britannico simul,
[He was educated in the same school as Britannicus,]

 ac paribus disciplinis et apud eosdem magistros institutus.
[and he was brought up with exact the same studies and by the same instructors.]


 Quo quidem tempore aiunt metoposcopum, a Narcisso Claudii liberto adhibitum,
[At that time, in fact, people say that a spy, given his assignment by Claudius' freedman Narcissus,]

 ut Britannicum inspiceret,
[to keep watch over Britannicus]

constantissime affirmasse,
[at most assuredly as possible asserted]

 illud quidem nullo modo, ceterum Titum, qui tunc prope astabat, utique imperaturum.
[that, in fact, that boy, in no way, could be Titus' superior, in any respect, that is, the boy who was standing off from him nearby.]

Erant autem adeo familiares,
[And yet, they were such close acquaintances,]

ut de potione, qua Britannicus hausta periit,
[that when it concerned the very drink from which Britannicus died, gulping it down,]

Titus quoque iuxta cubans gustasse credatur
[Titus, who was lying next to him, is believed to have also sampled it]

gravique morbo adflictatus diu.
[and to have fallen sick for a long time from a grave illness.]

Quorum omnium mox memor,
[He soon mindful of all of these things,]

 statum ei auream in Palatio posuit,
[dedicated a golden statue of him on the Palatine Hill,]

 et alteram ex ebore equestrem,
[and another one, on horse-back, and made from ivory,]

 quae Circensi pompa hodieque praefertur,
[which is rounded to this very day upon Circus' procession,]

 dedicavit prosecutusque est.
[so he dedicated and followed through on this.]

Suetonius, Life of Galba

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus [Suetonius]
69-130 AD
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Imperial Era)

SVETONI TRANQVILII VITA GALBAE


I. Progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit; quod futurum,
[The descendents of Caesar's family went extinct by the end of Nero's reign, and this was something that was destined to happen]

 compluribus quidem signis,
 sed vel evidentissimis duobus apparuit.
[even, on top of a great many omens, but finally it became apparent from two of the clearest possible.]

Liviae, olim post Augusti statim nuptias Veientanum suum revisendi, praetervolans aquila gallinam albam ramulum lauri rostro tenentem, ita ut rapuerat, demisit in gremium;
[Once upon a time, an eagle, clutching a white hen that had a small twig of laurel in its beak, which it had previously snatched up, dropped it into Livia's lap, while she was visiting her family in Veii after immediately after her wedding to Augustus, ]

 cumque nutriri alitem, pangi ramulum placuisset,
[and after she had it feed and nurtured, and the little branch put on display,]

tanta pullorum suboles provenit,
[such a great mass of feathers sprout out from it,]

 ut hodieque ea uilla ad Gallinas vocetur,
[that even today this village is said to belong to the "Hens"]

 tale vero lauretum,
[and in fact, it was that very laurel branch,]

ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent;
[that caused the Caesars to pluck down laurel boughs on triumphal occasions, from then on;]

 fuitque mox triumphantibus,
[and soon, it became the case for those celebrating triumphs,]

 illas confestim eodem loco pangere;
[to spread these things as often as possible in that very same location.] 



et observatum est,
[and it was observed as law,]

sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.
[that death should be the price for anyone who decided to lie under the tree that had been planted there.] <rough translation -- suggestions???>

 Ergo novissimo Neronis anno et silva omnis exaruit radicitus,
[and so, in the very last year of Nero's reign, the entire wood burned down, to the very roots,]

 et quidquid ibi gallinarum erat interiit;
[and whatever chickens that had been there, died;]

 ac subinde tacta de caelo Caesarum aede,
[and thereafter, when the palace of the Caesars was struck by lightning,]

 capita omnibus simul statuis deciderunt,
[the heads fell off all the statues, all at one time,]

Augusti etiam sceptrum e manibus excussum est.
[and even the scepter in Augustus' hands had been knocked out of place.]

II. Neroni Galba successit nullo gradu contingens Caesarum domum,
[Galba succeeded Nero, though never treading a single step in the house of the Caesars,]

 sed haud dubie nobilissimus
[but without a doubt, he was one of the most highly born members of society]

magnaque et vetere prosapia,
[from a great and time-honored family lineage,]

 ut qui statuarum titulis pronepotem se Quinti Catuli Capitolini semper ascripserit,
[so much that he was a man who always wrote upon the placards of his statues that his forefather was Quintus Catulus Capitolinus,]

 imperator vero etiam stemma in atrio proposuerit,
[and in fact, even as emperor, he set out garlanded statues in the atrium,]

 quo paternam originem ad Iovem, maternam ad Pasiphaen Minois uxorem referret.
[that suggested that his paternal lineage came from Jove, and his maternal one from Minos' wife Pasiphae.]

III. Imagines et elogia universi generis exsequi longum est:
[It's a lengthy endeavor to draw out all the images and explanations of his entire family tree:]

 familiae breviter attingam.
[I shall only touch briefly upon his family.]

 Qui prius Sulpiciorum cognomen Galbae tulit, cur aut unde traxerit, ambigitur.
[It's not exactly clear who was the first of the Sulpicians to take the nickname Galba, or why, or from where name comes from.]

Suetonius, Life of Crispus

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus [Suetonius]
69-130 AD
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Imperial Era)

 C. SVETONI TRANQVILLVI DE POETIS
VITA PASSIENI CRISPI

PASSIENUS CRISPUS, municeps Viselliensis, tirocinio suo in senatu ita coepit:
[Passienus Crispus, from the city of Visellio, began his political career thusly in the senate:]

"Patres conscripti et tu Caesar!" propter quod simulata oratione plenissime a Tiberio conlaudatus est.
["There are the conscripted fathers <senators>, and then there's you Caesar!", was the line in his speech, for which he was a most fully praised en masse by Tiberius.]

 Plurimas sponte causas apud centumviros egit,
[By his own initiative, he tried many cases in the court of the centumviri,]

pro qua re in basilica Iulia eius statua posita est.
[on which account his statue was set up in the Basilica Julia.]

Consulatus duos gessit.
[He completed two terms as consul.]

 Uxores habuit duas, primam Domitiam, deinde Agrippinam, illam amitam, hanc matrem Neronis Caesaris.
[He had two wives, first Domitia, and then Agrippina, the former being the aunt, and the latter the mother of Nero Caesar.]

Possedit bis milies sestertium.
[He collected an estate of 2000 sesterces.]

 Omnium principum gratiam adpetivit,
[He sought the favor of all the emperors,]

 sed praecipue C. Caesaris,
[but most of all, from Gaius Caesar,]

quem iter facientem secutus est pedibus.
[whom he followed on foot, while the latter was on travel.]

Hic nullo audiente ab Nerone interrogatus,
[This man was once asked by Nero, with no other witness present,]

 haberetne sicut ipse cum sorore germana consuetudinem,
[whether he, like Nero, made it a custom to sleep with his sister,]

"Nondum" inquit,
[to which he answered, "Not yet,"]

quantumvis decenter et caute,
[in however a fitting and prudent manner he could manage,]

 ne aut negando eum argueret
[he could not manage ever to say no to him]

 aut adsentiendo semet mendacio dehonestaret.
[and he began to bring shame upon himself by agreeing to stoop to mendacity.]

Periit per fraudem Agrippinae, quam heredem reliquerat,
[He was killed by one of Agrippina's schemes, whom he had beforehand made his heir,]

 et funere publico elatus est.
[and he was carried out in a public funeral.]

Suetonius, Life of Claudius

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus [Suetonius]
69-130 AD
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Imperial Era)


SVETONI TRANQVILII VITA DIVI CLAVDI

[1] Patrem Claudi Caesaris Drusum, olim Decimum mox Neronem praenomine, Livia, cum Augusto gravida nupsisset, intra mensem tertium peperit,
[Livia, after she had married Augustus during her pregnancy, gave birth in her third trimester to Claudius Caesar's father, Drusus, whose first name was Decimus Nero,]

 fuitque suspicio ex vitrico per adulterii consuetudinem procreatum.
[and it became a subject of suspicion that he had been fathered by his stepfather, out of his lusty habits.]

 Statim certe vulgatus est versus:
[For certain, the verse was immediately published:]

Tois eutuchousi kai trimena paidia.
[τοις ευτυχουσι και τριμενα παιδια . ]

Is Drusus in quaesturae praeturaeque honore dux Raetici,
[This man Drusus was the general of the Rhaetian campaign during his office as quaestor and then praetor,]

deinde Germanici belli Oceanum septemtrionalem primus Romanorum ducum navigavit
[and then he was the first Roman general to navigate the North Sea during the German campaign,]

 transque Rhenum fossas navi et immensi operis effecit,
[and he built across the Rhine through ships and immense construction,]

quae nunc adhuc Drusinae vocantur.
[which are now called to this day the Drusinae.]

Suetonius, Life of Augustus

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus [Suetonius]
69-130 AD
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Imperial Era)

 SVETONI TRANQVILII VITA DIVI AVGVSTI

[1] Gentem Octaviam Velitris praecipuam olim fuisse, multa declarant.
[People say many things about the Octavian clan, most of all that they were from Velitrae,]

Nam et vicus celeberrima parte oppidi iam pridem Octavius vocabatur
[You see, for a long time already, there was a street in one area of this town named Octavius]

 et ostendebatur ara Octavio consecrata,
[and an altar was revealed to dedicated publicly to Octavius,]

 qui bello dux finitimo, cum forte Marti rem divinam faceret,
[who, as a general in a neighboring military campaign, while he was a performing a religious ceremony to Mars, by chance,]

 nuntiata repente hostis incursione,
[when an incursion of the enemy was suddenly announced,]

 semicruda exta rapta foco prosecuit,
[he cut off the half-burned entrails he seized from the fire,]

 atque ita proelium ingressus victor redit.
[and he thusly, after he entered the fight, he returned as victor.]

Decretum etiam publicum extabat,
[Also there survived a public decree,]

 quo cavebatur ut in posterum quoque simili modo exta Marti redderentur,
[whereby it was forbidden to later posterity too for entrails to be given back to Mars in the same fashion,]

 reliquiaeque ad Octavios referrentur.
[and that the remainders had to be brought back to Octavian family.]

[2] Ea gens a Tarquinio Prisco rege inter minores gentis adlecta in senatum,
[This very tribe was favored personally by King Tarquinius Priscus from among the lesser nations,]

 mox a Servio Tullio in patricias traducta,
[and soon it was drafted into the ranks of the patrician class by Servius Tullius,]

 procedente tempore ad plebem se contulit,
[and over the passing years, it transferred itself to the plebeian class,]

 ac rursus magno intervallo per Divum Iulium in patriciatum redit.
[and again, after a great interval of time, it returned to patrician status through Julius Caesar, now deified.]

 Primus ex hac magistratum populi suffragio cepti C. Rufus.
[Gaius Rufus was the first from the family to be appointed a public office by the vote of the people.]

 Is quaestorius CN. et C. procreavit,
[He, as quaestor, fathered Gnaeus and then Gaius,]

a quibus duplex Octaviorum familia defluxit conditione diversa.
[from whom, two branches of the Octavian clan separated onto a different path.]





 Siquidem Gnaeus et deinceps ab eo reliqui omnes functi sunt honoribus summis. 
[And indeed, Gnaeus, and all the others to follow after him, were endowed with the very highest positions of state.]


At Gaius eiusque posteri, seu fortuna seu voluntate, in equestri ordine constiterunt usque ad Augusti patrem. 
[But Gaius, and his descendants, whether by the fall of their luck or by their own volition, decided to their lineage would stay in the equestrian order, that is until Augustus.]


Proavus Augusti secundo Punico bello stipendia in Sicilia tribunus militum fecit Aemilio Papo imperatore.
[Augustus' great-grandfather served as a military tribune in Sicily during our second war against Carthage, when Aemilius Papus was the head commander.]




 Avus municipalibus magisteriis contentus abundante patrimonio tranquillissime senuit. 
[His grandfather, satisfied with the offices of his local town, lived his life out off his ample estate, in the greatest peace and quiet possible.]


Sed haec alii;
[But other men concern these things;]


 ipse Augustus nihil amplius quam equestri familia ortum se scribit vetere ac locuplete, 
[Augustus himself wrote nothing more about his origins except that he was born from an long-standing and rich family of equestrian stock,]


et in qua primus senator pater suus fuerit.
[and in which, his father was the very first senator.]


 M. Antonius libertinum ei proavum exprobrat, 
[Mark Antony mocks the fact that his ancestor was a lowly freedman,]


restionem e pago Thurino, avum argentarium. 
[a ropemaker from the region of Thurii, on top of accusing his grandfather of being a moneymaker.]


Nec quicquam ultra de paternis Augusti maioribus repperi.
[There is nothing that beyong this that can be verified concerning Augustus' ancestry.]




[3] C. Octavius pater a principio aetatis et re et existimatione magna fuit, 
[His father Gaius Octavius, from the very beginning of his lifetime, enjoyed great standing and esteem,]







ut equidem mirer hunc quoque a nonnullis argentarium
 atque etiam inter divisores operasqe compestris proditum;
[that, in fact, I wonder how this man was handed over by some money-dealer, ever among the administrators and their operation;]


 amplis enim innutritus opibus, 
[you see, he was not raised up from ample wealth,]


honores et adeptus est facile
[but he easily attained positions of power]


 et egregie administravit.
[and he governed with distinction.]


 Ex praetura Macedoniam sortitus, fugitivos, residuam Spartaci et Catilinae manum, Thurinum agrum tenentis, in itinere delevit,
[As soon as he left from his prefecture in Macedonia, he, along his journey, wiped out fugitives, the remaining cohort belong to Spartacus and Cataline, who was occupying the Thurian countryside,]


 negotio sibi in senatu extra ordinem dato.
[after the matter was granted to his control, in an emergency measure in the Senate.]


 Provinciae praefuit non minore iustitia quam fortitudine; 
[He did his province good no less through his sense of justice than from his strength;]


namque Bessis ac Thracibus magno proelio fusis, ita socios tractavit, 
[on that account, when Bessi and Thracians rushed upon each other in a large-scale battle, he took upon allies in such a way]




ut epistolae M. Ciceronis exstent
[that there are still letters written by Marcus Cicero]


 quibus Quintum fratrem eodem tempore parum secunda fama proconsulatum Asiae administrantem, hortatur  
[in which he urges his brother Quintus, who at that time was running his proconsulate in Asia, and with little luck]


et monet, imitetur in promerendis sociis vicinum suum Octavium.
[and warns him to follow the example of his neighbor Octavius in gaining the service of allies.]




[4] Decedens Macedonia, prius quam profiteri se candidatum consulatus posset, 
[Leaving Macedonia permanently, before he could run as a candidate for the consulship,]




mortem obiit repentinam,
[he fell ill from a sudden ailment,]


 superstitibus liberis Octavia maiore,
[the last among the freeborn descendents from Octavia the Elder,]


 quam ex Ancharia, et Octavia minore item Augusto, quos ex Atia tulerat.
[that is from Acharia, and Octavia the Younger, as well as Augustus, both of whom took their lineage from Atia.]


 Atia M. Atio Balbo et Iulia, sorore C. Caesaris, genita est.
[Atia was descended from Marcus Atius Balbus and Julia, the sister of Gaius Caesar.]


 Balbus, paterna stirpe Aricinus, multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus, a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu 
[Balbus, a resident from Aricinum by his paternal lineage, in accompaniment with the many senatorial statues in his family, gained Pompey the Great from most artful promotion by his mother]




functusque honore praeturae inter vigintiviros agrum Campanum plebi Iulia lege divisit.
[and he, commissioned with the office of the praetor, divided the farmland of Campania for the common folk in the company of the Commission of 20, in accordance to the Julian Law.]

 Verum idem Antonius, despiciens etiam maternam Augusti originem, proavum eius Afri generis fuisse et modo unguentariam tabernam modo pistrinum Ariciae exercuisse obicit.
[But in fact, Antony, at the very same time, since he looked down even on Augustus' maternal lineage, claimed that his great-grandfather was born from an African lineage and, at one time, had operated a perfume shop, and at another, a miller in Aricia.]


 Cassius quidem Parmensis quadam epistola non tantum ut pistoris,
sed etiam ut nummulair nepotem sic taxat Augustum:
[In truth, Cassius of Parma, in some letter or another, not only assigns Augustus to be the grandson of miller, but also a money-changer as well:]

 Materna tibi farinast ex crudissimo Ariciae pistrino:
["Here's your maternal family's grain, from the crudest baker Aricia's ever seen:]

 hanc finxit manibus collybo decoloratis Nerulonensis mensarius.
["He fashioned this to his interest rates, now the Nerulonian money-changer with hands like a discolored ghoul."]

[5] Natus est Augustus M. Tullio Cicerone C. Antonio conss. XIIII. Kal. Octob., paulo ante solis exortum, regione Palati, ad Capita bubulo,
[Augustus was born during the consul years of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius on the 13 Kalends of October, a little while before sunrise, in the region of Palatus, near the cattle-bearing Capita,]

 ubi nunc sacrarium habet,
[where a shrine now stands,]

aliquanto post quam excessit constitutum.
[only after which time it stood out, after its construction.]

 Nam ut senatus actis continetur,
[You see, as the Senate lies within his power,]

Nepos, Persius

Cornelius Nepos
100-24 BCE
Trans RMBullard
Latin (Republican Era/Golden Age of Latin Literature)

 C. SVETONI TRANQVILLVI DE POETIS
VITA AULI PERSI FLACCI

AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS natus est pridie Nonas Decembris Fabio Persico L. Vitellio coss.,
[Aulus Persius Flaccus was born on the day before the Nones in December, in the counsel year of Fabius Persicus and Lucius Vitellius,]

decessit VIII Kalendas Decembris P. Mario Afinio Gallo coss.
[and he died on the 8th Kalends of December, in the counsel year of Publius Marius and Afinius Gallus.]

Natus in Etruria Volaterris, eques Romanus, sanguine et affinitate primi ordinis viris coniunctus.
[He was born in Tuscany, specifically Volterre, as a Roman knight, and he was connected by blood and affinity to men of the ruling class.]

Decessit ad octavum miliarium via Appia in praediis suis.
[He came down to the city, 8000 miles along the Appian way with his own resources.]

Pater eum Flaccus pupillum reliquit moriens annorum fere sex.
[His father, Flaccus, left him as a little boy of barely 6 years old when he died.]

Fulvia Sisennia mater eius nupsit postea Fusio equiti Romano
[Afterward, his mother Fulvia Sisennia married a Roman knight named Fusius,]

 et eum quoque extulit intra paucos annos.
[and he too died on him only a few years later.]



Studuit Flaccus usque ad annum XII aetatis suae Volaterris,
[Flaccus studied in Volterrae all the way to the age 12,]

 inde Romae apud grammaticum Remmium Palaemonem et apud rhetorem Verginium Flavum.
[thenafter, in Rome under the grammarian Remmius Palaemon and the rhetor Verginius Flavus.]

Cum esset annorum XVI,
[When he was 16 years old,]

 amicitia coepit uti Annaei Cornuti ita ut nusquam ab eo discederet;
[he gained Annaeus Cornutus' friendship, and so it happened that he never swayed from his side.]

a quo inductus aliquatenus in philosophiam est.
[Thanks to him, he was now heretofore introduced to the study of philosophy.]

Amicos habuit a prima adulescentia Caesium Bassum poetam et Calpurnium Staturam,
[From the first stage of his youth, he had as friends Caesius Bassus the poet, and Calpurnius Statura,]

qui vivo eo iuvenis decessit.
[the latter having died as a young man, when Persius was alive.]

 Coluit ut patrem Servilium Nonianum.
[He praised him, as his father Servilius Nonianus.]

Cognovit per Cornutum etiam Annaeum Lucanum aequaevum auditorem Cornuti.
[Thanks to Cornutus, he also made acquaintance with Annaeus Lucan, who was a contemporary fan of Cornutus.]